Osborne
1981- Osborne 1
1982- Executive
1984- Vixen (OCC4)
1981- Osborne 1
1981- The Osborne 1 is one of the first portable computers but needs external power source. Its name comes from Adam Osborne, the man who made this computer a reality (not quite true, see end of the text).
It has a very small built-in screen (8.75 x 6.6 cm, which can display 128 columns!!) and weighs more than 10 Kg.
The first models couldn't display more than 52 columns by line, so to access to the 76 other columns, the user had to scroll among the screen thanks to the cursor keys.
It works under CP/M and was sold with Digital Research CBASIC (compiled BASIC), SuperCalc (spreadsheet), WordStar (word processor), MailMerge (mailing) and Microsoft's MBasic (MBasic source code was 100% upwards compatible with IBM PC's BASICA, source code only).
This machine would be succeeded in 1983 by the Osborne Executive, which featured a larger screen (YAHOO!) and lower-profile disk drives.
Despite its interesting characteristics, Osborne Computer Corporation suffered the competition of the first IBM PC compatibles and went bankrupt in 1983. One casualty was a planned portable computer called the Osborne PC (which, interestingly, was an MS-DOS clone). It was never released (even though prototypes exist).
1982- Executive
1982- The Executive is the successor of the Osborne 1, from which it keeps the good points and correct its flaws. More memory, bigger screen, more powerful software and... higher price.
When closed, the Executive looks like a sewing machine! Once opened, the detachable keyboard is connected to the main unit through a quite short coiled cord. The keyboard can be tilted for a better typing. It has a separated numeric keypad and 4 cursor keys. The layout of these keys is not very convenient. There is "left" & "up" on one row, and "down" & "right" on the other...
The front panel of the Executive is divided in four parts. In the center, one can find the built-in amber monitor (13 x 10 cm) bigger than the Osborne 1 one. On the right hand side, there is the fan grid, the Executive logo and the on/off button. The two 5.25" half-height disk drives, are mounted horizontaly just above an empty disk storage space. Different connectors are placed at the bottom of the front panel: two RS232c/serial (for printers and modem), one Centronics and the keyboard connector. Next to them are brightness and contrast control knobs, as well as a reset button.
At the back of the system is the handle to carry the system once it is closed. Under this handle is the fan trap door, which you have to open before starting to work. The Executive has of course its own power supply unit, but what is more uncommon, is that it can accept 110v or 220v, the system will convert both. This was useful for people traveling a lot.
The built-in monitor was the main flaw of the Osborne 1. This tiny screen was displaying 52 of 132 virtual columns (this was done by scrolling), resulting in 2 mm high characters! The Executive has a wider screen which can really display 80 columns, though some critics said it was still too small. The characters can be displayed in normal mode, half intensity, inverse or blink. Two character sets are available, and independant windows can be defined.
1984- Vixen (OCC4)
The VIXEN is bundled with CP/M 2.2, WordStar 3.3, Supercalc 2, MBASIC, a game called Desolation, Osboard Software (for drawing graphics), Media Master (to transfer data to MS DOS disks) and Turnkey to change some system features.
The Osborne VIXEN was priced at $1298. An optional 10 MB hard disk could be added with an interface card (the hard disk was $1498, more than the computer !).
Curtis A. Ingraham (who worked for Osborne) reports:
The Osborne Vixen was in development at the time the company filed bankruptcy. I believe it was never offered for sale. It was developed by a consultant, Fred Coury, as I recall. It was significantly smaller and lighter than the Osborne 1. One of the unique aspects of the electronic design was that all of the diskette drive electronics was integrated onto the main printed circuit board of the computer, thus saving cost and space. The disk electronics for the Vixen was designed by Patrick L. McGuire. (In typical computers of that time, diskette drives came from their manufacturers with a large electronics board on each drive.)
The Vixen was a great follow-on product to the Osborne 1. Unfortunately, the IBM PC was released about that time, and customers stopped buying anything but the PC and, later, the Compaq portable. The CP/M computer market disappeared almost overnight.
Barry Carlton reports:
Your information that the Osborne Vixen was never offered for sale is incorrect. I owned one from about 1985 to 1988, buying it new from Worswick Industries (Dwight Worswick) in San Diego. Osborne went into bankruptcy in 1983, as I recall, but reorganized and went back into operation briefly in about 1984 or 1985. That's when I bought the Vixen (to replace my Osborne 1). I had the Vixen up until I got my first Mac, in 1988. Toward the end, I got a modem, joined CompuServe, and also hooked the machine to a 10 Mb hard drive that was horribly noisy, and as long as the Vixen was deep.
"I was president of the First Osborne Group until we made the decision that the need for CP/M support had faded and we had served our purpose. At our peek, FOG had over 17,000 members in more than 40 countries. Their were two incarnations of the Vixen that I''m aware of. One was black with horizontal drives. Very few were produced as it was about to be launched when the first re-org bankruptcy occurred. Osborne survived and launched a slightly modify version. It had the more traditional Osborne look and they returned to vertical drives. There was an external hard drive for it. I kept my Vixens, and had two of them out on the dining room table earlier today. Even the hard drive is still alive and kicking, with a large amount of CP/M software loaded on it. I built a menu system using "super submit" to make it easy to cycle through the options. I found a new home for the Vixens on another vintage computer website where they can be seen again. Ahh.. the memories." Ron (Las Vegas, NV)